Scientific evidence supporting BGaze Focus

For more than 2 decades, scientists from various parts of the world have published peer reviewed papers on how gaze controlled videogames cause substantial effects in terms of attention control, reduced impulsivity, reading abilities and working memory. Effect sizes range between 0.7 to 1.0 typically, which puts such gaze controlled games on par with what is found for non stimulant medication for ADHD or for Cognitive Behavioural Therapy. See below a list of papers we have reviewed; we are adding papers to this list on a continuous basis. BGaze Focus is currently patent pending. Below is a list of over 20 papers relating to ours and our peers work.

Scientific papers

Gaze controlled gaming papers (Braingaze and others)

  • Novel Interactive Eye-Tracking Game for Training Attention in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.
    García-Baos A, D'Amelio T, Oliveira I, Collins P, Echevarria C, Zapata LP, Liddle E, Supèr H. (2019) Novel Interactive Eye-Tracking Game for Training Attention in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity. Retrieved from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31274260/ This was a joint project with Braingaze ES and Mindtech where a RCT was undertaken with children with ADHD (14 RECOGNeyes, 14 control) played RECOGNeyes with eye-tracker for three weeks (3 times/week for 30 minutes). Patients showed a pre-post trial improvement of 56% in the areas of controlling impulsivity and maintaining high attention levels, compared to the starting results before the trial.
  • Chan et al., (2024). Eye-tracking training improves visuospatial working memory of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder.  Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3238 
  • García-Baos, A., et al. (2019). Novel interactive eye-tracking game for training attention in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. The Primary Care Companion For CNS Disorders, 21(4). Available at: https://doi.org/10.4088/PCC.19m02428 
  • Solé Puig, M., et al. (2024). A pilot study to improve cognitive performance and pupil responses in mild cognitive impaired patients using gaze-controlled gaming. Vision, 8(2), p. 25. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/vision8020025 
  • Psotta, et al., (2023). Effects of sports‐specific vision training programs on visual abilities and skills in young soccer goalkeepers: A randomized controlled trial. Brain and Behavior, 13(9), e3251. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.3251 
  • Waitt, A.E. (2021). Autonomic and Central Nervous System Correlates of Cognitive Control Training for Attentional Disorders. Available at: https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/68957. 
  • Waitt et al (2024). Gaze-control training in a sample of inattentive young adults: A Confidence-in-Concept study of neural mechanisms. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.11.17.24316746
  • Lee et al., (2020). Computerized Eye-Tracking Training Improves the Saccadic Eye Movements of Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10121016 
  • Al-Shathri, Al-Wabil and Al-Ohali., (2013) Eye-controlled games for behavioral therapy of attention deficit disorders. Communications in Computer and Information Science. DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-39473-7_114
  • Rodríguez Timaná L.C. et al., (2024). Use of Serious Games in Interventions of Executive Functions in Neurodiverse Children: Systematic Review. Available at:  10.2196/59053 
  • Martin-Moratinos, M. et al., (2025). Effectiveness of a Virtual Reality Serious Video Game (The Secret Trail of Moon) for Emotional Regulation in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Randomized Clinical Trial. Available at:  DOI: 10.2196/59124 
  • Chuanwen Yu et al. (2024). Effect of Virtual Reality Technology on Attention and Motor Ability in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Available at:  DOI: 10.2196/56918 
  • Mayer, Parong and Bainbridge (2019). Young adults learning executive function skills by playing focused video games, Cognitive Development. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2018.11.002
  • Teruel et al., (2024) Measuring attention of ADHD patients by means of a computer game featuring biometrical data gathering. Heliyon. Available at: DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26555
  • Arabi et al., (2019) Is visuomotor training an effective intervention for children with autism spectrum disorders? Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment. Available at: DOI: 10.2147/NDT.S214991
  • Bucci et al., (2018) Computer based oculomotor training improves reading ability in dyslexic children: results from a pilot study. Sports Injuries and Medicine. DOI: 10.29011/JSIMD-130.
  • Craven, M. P., & Groom, M. J. Computer games for user engagement in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) monitoring and therapy. Presented at International Conference on Interactive Technologies and Games (iTAG) 2015
  • Sujar et al,, (2022) Developing serious video games to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: tutorial guide. JMIR Serious Games. DOI: 10.2196/33884
  • Janmohammadi et al., (2020) Effect of a visual tracking intervention on attention and behavior of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Journal of Eye Movement Research. DOI: 10.16910/jemr.12.8.6
  • Moon et al., (2022) Effects of an eye-tracking linkage attention training system on cognitive function compared to conventional computerized cognitive training system in patients with stroke. Healthcare. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10030456
  • Selaskowski et al., (2023) Gaze-based attention refocusing training in virtual reality for adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. BMC Psychiatry. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-023-04551-z
  • Sosnowski et al., (2021) Brief report: a novel digital therapeutic that combines applied behavior analysis with gaze-contingent eye tracking to improve emotion recognition in children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. DOI: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10803-021-05101-w

Papers describing psychostimulants recover eye movement and pupil responses in ADHD patients towards normal levels

  • Wainstein G, Rojas-Líbano D, Crossley NA, Carrasco X, Aboitiz F, Ossandón T. (2017). Pupil Size Tracks Attentional Performance In Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Sci Rep. 7(1):8228. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-08246-w. ​
  • Fried M, Tsitsiashvili E, Bonneh YS, Sterkin A, Wygnanski-Jaffe T, Epstein T, Polat U. (2014) ADHD subjects fail to suppress eye blinks and microsaccades while anticipating visual stimuli but recover with medication Vision Res. 01:62-72. doi: 10.1016/j.visres.2014.05.004.​
  • Dolder PC, Müller F, Schmid Y, Borgwardt SJ, Liechti ME. (2018). Direct comparison of the acute subjective, emotional, autonomic, and endocrine effects of MDMA, methylphenidate, and modafinil in healthy subjects Psychopharmacology (Berl). 235(2):467-479. doi: 10.1007/s00213-017-4650-5.​
  • Grönlund MA, Aring E, Landgren M, Hellström A. (2007) Visual function and ocular features in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, with and without treatment with stimulants Eye (Lond). 21(4):494-502. doi: 10.1038/sj.eye.6702240.